Recently turned 820 years since the first recorded appearance of the name Ukraine. The main problem of Ukraine's history is the issue of intellectual property right. This is theft of the country's name.

The message of the domestic annals of April 18, 1187 says: "In the same campaign (of princes of Russia, Kiev, Belgorod, Vyshgorod, Vasilkov, Pereyaslav and fortresses ROS river Polovtsian) ache Vladimir Glebovich (Prince of Pereyaslavl) a serious illness from which he died. And brought it in Pereyaslav (now the city of bila Tserkva, Kyiv oblast ) on a stretcher, and here he died, in the month of April the eighteenth day, and was laid in the Church of St. Michael, and cried through it all pereiaslavy. He loved his wife, and gold is not collected, kindness spared, and all gave to his wife; he was Prince virtuous and strong in battle, and courage differed strong, and all sorts of dobrochesnosti was full. For Ukraine a lot of postanal".

Meanwhile, in history as in every science must start from the beginning - the clarification of the meaning of the terms.

The main problem of Ukraine's history matters little to do with science and more to do with forensics. More precisely, with the right to intellectual property. This is theft of the country's name. It took place in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

One day, after closeting fights at once on multiple fronts" Ukrainians looked around, and found out - and I am not I, and not my hut".

Unexpectedly, in the name and legacy of Kievan Rus can claim someone else, except the people, the ancestral territories of which there are all the centers of Russia - Kiev, Chernigov, Pereyaslavl, Kano, Belgorod, cornflowers, Vyshgorod, Yuriev, Liubech, Ovruch, Jail, Putivl, Novgorod-Seversky, Priluki, Vladimir-Volyn, Lutsk, Galich, Lviv, Terebovlya - and so another couple of pages.

Moreover, this naming was done by country, with ProfitLine political tradition and a significant cultural distance. Its inhabitants did not even understand the Ukrainian language, and these still don't understand.

Meanwhile, the "borrowing" of the name - is an ordinary phenomenon in history. Muscovy here, not the discoverer. Germany almost a Millennium, till 1806 was officially called the Holy Roman Empire, although the main contribution of the Germans in Roman history was the fact that they sacked Rome.

Romania in the mid-nineteenth century changed her own two congenital names (Wallachia and Moldavia) one. But what! Although, the majority of scientists no doubt that the Romanians are the descendants of latinboy Dacians, and not the Roman legionaries and the colonists, who were evacuated from Dacia 271 of the year, as unanimously reported by ancient sources.

Answering the question what is Rus and what is Ukraine, we will give an answer for what we have.

In Soviet times, the Soviet Union was very popular Varangian hypothesis of the origin of the name Rus. Her supporters appealed to a reading in the Novgorod Chronicles, where it is said that "from the Varangians, visitors, called Rus, and they called the Russian land; and the people of Novgorod to this day, the kind Varangian".

However, in an earlier Initial set of Kyiv end of the eleventh century, which corresponded all early reports of the Novgorod Chronicles, this passage is not. Moreover, in the Novgorod chronicle claimed that the Average Naddnepryanshina began to be called Rus in 854, i.e. before the arrival of the Varangians in Novgorod. These apparent inconsistencies given the opportunity to Russian academician A. Shakhmatovo to prove that the passage in a single list Novgorod chronicle of the origin of Rus ' from the Varangians as the origin of the Novgorodians not from the words and the miracle (as it actually was), and from the Varangians, is very late insertion is made approximately in the first half of the XV century to strengthen the prestige of Novgorod.

The name Rus ' appears for the first time on the territory of the Middle Dnieper in the mid-sixth century, in the work of the Syrian author of the Pseudo-Zachariah Rhetorician. Pseudo-Zacharias speaks of the people of Rus, who lived in the North-West of Azov, that is, on the Middle Dnieper.

In the composition of the Gothic historian Jordanes (VI century), which was described earlier events of the fourth century, speaks of the people "rosemany", who lived in Central naddniprianschyna.

Naturally, neither VI nor in the fourth century no Vikings in the region could not be. The first historically recorded attack Scandinavians relates to 787 (their attack on England). This is the first date of appearance of the Vikings in the international arena.

In "the Life of Stephen of Surozh - the work of an unknown author of the tenth century in connection with the events of the late eighth century mentions a Russian Prince Brawlin and his campaign for Surozh (perch) and the entire coast from the Chersonese to Kerch. Again, the name of the Prince is clearly not Varangian, and the campaign refers to the time when Vikings were absent in the region.

Central Asian scholar al-Khwarizmi in his geographical work, "the picture Book of the earth", written between 836-847 years recalls the river GRLE (Daypro-the Dnieper river), which flows from the Russian mountains, obviously, with Kiev mountains.

Another testimony of the people Grew find in Frankish chronicle "Vertinskie the annals of" 839 g, that is, again before the arrival of the Varangians in Novgorod. Telling of the Embassy of the Byzantine Emperor to the court of the Emperor of the Franks, chronicler-witness writes: "he also sent with them (ambassadors) of some people who said that they, their people, 'm Growing up, and that their king is called Hakan, sent to him by the Byzantine Emperor, as they say, for the sake of friendship."

Meanwhile, the first authentically known contact data Potapovsky of Slavs from the Varangians date back only to the middle of the ninth century. That is, if the Vikings brought the name of Rusyns, it does not could be fixed in VI-VIII centuries.

"Varangian theory" of the origin of the name Rus ' so fond of in the Soviet Union that allowed "not to notice" hundreds annalistic references that clearly and unambiguously argued that Russia is a modern Central land, and from the end of the XII century and Western Ukraine.

In addition, the Byzantines knew the Vikings, who often served as mercenaries in the Byzantine army. However, the Byzantines never called these Varangians Russ. Rusichi from the Byzantines is always the population of the Middle Dnieper and the Northern black sea region, but not the Scandinavians with any other territories - most of Scandinavia, Italy, France, etc., which were many in Constantinople.

On top of that, immediately to the South of Kiev, on the Right Bank of the Dnieper crowded a number of proper names with the corresponding root: the Ross river, Rosava, Rostavitsa, Ruta, Rotary, Small Rotary, the strength of Roden etc.

Some Russian researchers, in particular I. Danilevsky, claim that the name Rus ethnic, and social background: "people "Rus" did not exist among the Scandinavian people - the so-called squads "rowers" (*robs -), participants voyages on ships that were seen in Eastern Europe, received in the Slavic world, the name "Rus".

However, this theory cannot explain why in Russian Rus Chronicles are mentioned in contrast to the Varangians and not identify with them in Byzantine, Western and Arab sources, as well as why the name Rus firmly attached to the population of the Middle Dnieper long before contact with the Vikings.\

M. Tikhomirov, along with dozens of Ukrainian, Russian and Western scholars, recognized Dnieper origin of Rus'.

Even a Russophile, as academician P. Tolochko, who studied the history of Kievan Rus in the time without the approval of the KGB to do is not allowed, also believes that the name Rus - local, southern origin: "Obviously, "Rus" is a very ancient word Iranian origin, associated with the names of Sarmatian tribes (dew, rosemany, roxelana). Somewhere at the turn of the VIII - IX centuries it was fixed on the middle Dnieper and moved on to the Slavs. Not accidentally, the chronicler wrote: "... the glade, who now SONOMA Rus". In other words, the Slavs from the tribe, which became the nucleus of the old Russian state, originally known as glades, but later on they spread the name "Rus"... Obviously, with the word Rus related, and the ancient names of the rivers - the ROS and its tributaries by Rosava and Rostavitsa".

Whatever it was, but the fact remains. First appearing at least in the sixth century, the name Rus stayed in Ukraine (West) to the twentieth century, and in Central Ukraine to the XVIII century. Another brilliant poet Ivan Franko in 1914 wrote, "I am Rusyn. Some of the inimitable and still call themselves Rusyns, no different from others of Ukrainians.

In parallel, arises from the XII century and the name "Ukraine".

Imperial propaganda since the nineteenth century examines the origin of the name "Ukraine" from the word "suburb". Although, in Russian and some other Slavic languages have the word "Krajina", which means actually the country.

The appearance of the word "Ukraine" for the first time in 1187 to Pereyaslav, that is actually Russia, immediately put intractable for Imperial propaganda question - edge relative to what could be this territory?

Of course, not in Moscow. Last in those days was such glucomannon that it is hardly ever met in Kyiv region.

A significant portion of Pereyaslavl princedom was removed from the borders of Russia even more than Kiev.

Thus, it is not clear why the Prince longed boundary of the earth, because, logically, it must be done by the inhabitants of the Principality. Even more perplexing, the edge of what could be repeatedly mentioned in the Chronicles of Chernigov Ukraine, Siversky (Novgorod-Seversky) Ukraine, or, especially, Kiev, Ukraine.

Under 1189, in the annals in the story of the Prince Rostislav Berladnika mentions that he came ’in Galician Ukraine’ (when he arrived in the Principality). In the Galicia-Volyn chronicle 1213 under G. there is an entry ’Daniel same vorotimsya domovi and went with my brother and PREV Brest, and Proves and Veresen, Pillar, com and all of Ukraine’”. This refers to the rock.

It should be noted that the name Ukraine was used in relation to the Russian and Belarusian lands - Ryazan Ukraine, Rostov Ukraine, Ukraine Polotsk. The most reasonable explanation of these facts is as follows.

In the Ukrainian language is the word "ukryty" and grant, for instance, bread, land, etc.

Therefore, the word is synonymous with the word "Principality". At least, that in that sense it is repeatedly used for several centuries after its appearance, when Ukraine means "the Principality", "our earth", "country".

The parallel here is extremely transparent and obvious - because now in Ukrainian the word "country" means the country. "Ukrainian", respectively, means "countryman", "compatriot".

At the same time, if the name Ukraine was actually derived from the word "suburb", it would certainly be perceived. In the end, there is the city of Moscow, the name of which one hypothesis comes from "murky, dark water, and on the other from the "cow Ford".

But simply the study of primary sources shows that the specificity of the use of the name Ukraine in the literature XII-XV centuries quite transparently shows that in that period the term "Ukraine" was used as a synonym for "Principality", "earth".

Therefore the name Rus ' - it's just the ancient name of Ukraine. And Ukraine, respectively, more youthful (though now not so new) name of Russia.

And again, in this double name Ukraine is not original. When France was called Gaul. When Spain was called Beru. To the Anglo-Saxon conquest of modern Britain was called just Britain, then Albion, then England, and today essentially uses two names. China changed its name each time with a change of dynasty.

Because Russia itself changes the titles as Russian "matryoshka" changes the shell. Recently it was called the USSR, Moscow Kingdom, and even before Suzdal and Woods.

Oleksandr Paliy, historian, for "the spectator"